NEGATIVES AND ANTI-NEGATIVES IN NGUYEN DYNASTIES’ EXAMINATIONS

Abstract

Exam is an important step in the educational process, a way to evaluate the product of an education and the main way to recruit talented people in any era. Therefore, throughout the history of Vietnam, education and examination have been always concerned by the state and set out many policy changes. When a regression occurred to the feudal regime in Vietnam, Confucian education revealed drawbacks and weaknesses that could not be saved; the Nguyen faced many difficulties and challenges. but negatives in examination was one of them. Although the Nguyen Dynasty introduced measures to save, negative phenomena continued to explode, as an evitable consequence of weaknesses in the political, economic, social and educational fields under the Nguyen. The article will focus on reflecting the negatives and anti-negatives in Nguyen dynasties’ examinations, from which we can learn various lessons for the examination in Vietnam today.